What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome?

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal condition that affects the large intestine. It’s a functional disorder, meaning it affects how the bowel works without causing visible damage to the digestive tract. IBS is a chronic condition that requires long-term management, but with the right approach, many people can find relief from symptoms.

What Causes IBS and Who is at Risk?

The exact cause of IBS isn’t fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of factors that influence bowel function, including:

– Abnormal muscle contractions in the intestine

– Increased sensitivity to pain in the gut (visceral hypersensitivity)

– Changes in gut bacteria (microbiome imbalance)

– Stress or anxiety

– Past infections or gastrointestinal illness

IBS is more commonly diagnosed in people under the age of 50, and it is more prevalent among women than men. A family history of IBS and a history of mental health conditions like anxiety or depression may also increase risk.

Common Symptoms of IBS

Symptoms of IBS can vary from person to person and may change over time. The most common symptoms include:

– Abdominal pain or cramping

– Bloating and gas

– Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or alternating between both)

– Feeling of incomplete bowel movements

– Mucus in the stool

How is IBS Diagnosed?

There is no single test for IBS. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and by ruling out other conditions. Your doctor may use a combination of the following to evaluate your symptoms:

– Medical history and physical exam

– Blood tests to check for anemia, infection, or celiac disease

– Stool tests to rule out infection or inflammation

– Colonoscopy if needed to examine the colon

Managing and Treating IBS

There is no cure for IBS, but symptoms can often be effectively managed through a combination of lifestyle changes, diet, and medication. Treatment is individualized and may include:

– Dietary changes such as increasing fiber or following a low FODMAP diet

– Medications to relieve diarrhea, constipation, or abdominal pain

– Probiotics to support digestive health

– Stress-reducing therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy or relaxation techniques

– Regular physical activity and adequate sleep

Outlook for People with IBS

While IBS doesn’t cause permanent damage to the intestines or lead to serious disease, it can significantly affect quality of life. Ongoing symptoms may interfere with work, travel, and social activities. Working closely with your healthcare provider can help you develop a treatment plan that reduces flare-ups and helps you live more comfortably.

Get Expert Care at Med Center Health

If you’re experiencing symptoms of IBS, our gastroenterology team is here to help. At Med Center Health, we provide expert diagnosis, personalized treatment plans, and support for managing digestive health. Let us help you find relief and improve your daily well-being.

Meet Our Providers