What is Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease?

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder where stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus. This backwash, or reflux, irritates the lining of the esophagus and can cause uncomfortable symptoms or damage over time. GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter—a muscle that acts as a valve between the esophagus and stomach—becomes weak or relaxes at the wrong time.

What Causes GERD and Who is at Risk?

GERD can result from several factors that affect the esophageal valve or increase pressure in the abdomen. Common causes and risk factors include:

– Obesity or being overweight

– Hiatal hernia

– Pregnancy

– Smoking or alcohol use

– Certain medications (like antihistamines, painkillers, or sedatives)

– Eating large meals or lying down after eating

– Consuming acidic or fatty foods

Common Symptoms of GERD

The most common symptom of GERD is frequent heartburn—a burning sensation in the chest. Other symptoms may include:

– Acid regurgitation or sour taste in the mouth

– Chest pain or discomfort, especially after meals

– Difficulty swallowing

– Chronic cough or hoarseness

– Sensation of a lump in the throat

– Worsening symptoms at night or when lying down

How is GERD Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and response to treatment, but your doctor may recommend additional tests to evaluate the severity or rule out other conditions. These may include:

– Upper endoscopy to view the esophagus and detect inflammation or damage

– pH monitoring to measure acid levels in the esophagus

– Esophageal manometry to test esophageal muscle function

– Barium swallow X-ray to detect abnormalities in the esophagus

Managing and Treating GERD

GERD can often be managed with a combination of lifestyle changes and medications. Your treatment plan may include:

– Eating smaller, more frequent meals

– Avoiding trigger foods such as citrus, chocolate, caffeine, and spicy or fatty foods

– Not lying down within 2–3 hours after eating

– Elevating the head of the bed to reduce nighttime symptoms

– Over-the-counter antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump inhibitors

– Prescription medications or surgery in severe cases

Possible Complications and Outlook

If left untreated, GERD can lead to complications such as esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus), esophageal stricture, Barrett’s esophagus, or increased risk of esophageal cancer. Most people with GERD can manage their symptoms effectively through treatment and lifestyle adjustments, improving both comfort and long-term health.

Get Expert Care at Med Center Health

If you’re experiencing frequent heartburn or acid reflux, don’t wait to get the relief you need. At Med Center Health, our gastroenterology specialists offer expert diagnosis and tailored treatment plans to help you manage GERD and protect your digestive health.