Understanding Autoimmune Hepatitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is Autoimmune Hepatitis?

Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy liver cells, leading to inflammation. Over time, this inflammation can cause scarring (fibrosis) and potentially lead to cirrhosis or liver failure if not properly managed. Unlike viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis is not caused by an infection and is not contagious.

What Causes Autoimmune Hepatitis and Who is at Risk?

The exact cause of autoimmune hepatitis is unknown, but it is believed to be triggered by a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as viruses or medications. Risk factors include:

– Being female (autoimmune hepatitis is more common in women)

– Having a family history of autoimmune diseases

– Presence of other autoimmune conditions like thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes, or rheumatoid arthritis

– Certain genetic markers and immune system variations

Common Symptoms of Autoimmune Hepatitis

Symptoms can vary widely in severity and may develop slowly or come on suddenly. Some people may have no noticeable symptoms in the early stages. Common symptoms include:

– Fatigue

– Abdominal discomfort (especially in the upper right side)

– Joint pain

– Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

– Loss of appetite

– Dark urine

– Nausea or vomiting

– Skin rashes or acne-like breakouts

How is Autoimmune Hepatitis Diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves reviewing symptoms, medical history, and conducting specific tests to confirm liver inflammation and rule out other liver diseases. These may include:

– Blood tests to detect liver enzymes and specific autoantibodies

– Liver function tests to assess how well the liver is working

– Imaging studies like ultrasound or MRI to evaluate liver size and structure

– Liver biopsy to confirm inflammation and assess the degree of liver damage

Managing and Treating Autoimmune Hepatitis

Autoimmune hepatitis is a manageable condition with proper treatment. The goal of therapy is to reduce liver inflammation, prevent progression, and maintain normal liver function. Treatment options may include:

– Corticosteroids (such as prednisone) to reduce immune system activity

– Immunosuppressive drugs (such as azathioprine) to maintain remission

– Regular monitoring of liver function through blood tests and follow-up appointments

– Lifestyle modifications like avoiding alcohol and eating a liver-friendly diet

Long-Term Outlook and Complications

If untreated, autoimmune hepatitis can lead to serious liver damage, including cirrhosis and liver failure. However, with early diagnosis and ongoing treatment, many people achieve long-term remission and lead full, active lives. Lifelong follow-up care is usually needed to manage the condition and adjust treatment as necessary.

Get Expert Care at Med Center Health

If you’re experiencing unexplained fatigue, abdominal discomfort, or signs of liver dysfunction, our gastroenterology team at Med Center Health is here to help. We provide expert diagnosis, treatment, and long-term care for autoimmune hepatitis to help protect your liver and improve your quality of life.